Which Diagnoses are Considered Neurodivergent?

Understanding neurodiversity begins with recognizing that differences in brain function and behavior are part of the human experience. If you are a parent or guardian, learning about neurodivergent diagnoses can help you better support your child and advocate for their needs. Below is a guide to some of the most common neurodivergent diagnoses and what they entail.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
ASD is a developmental condition characterized by differences in social interaction, communication and behavior. While some individuals may have challenges in these areas, many also exhibit exceptional skills in memory, problem-solving or creativity. ASD affects about 1 in 36 children in the U.S., making it one of the most common neurodiverse conditions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity that interferes with daily life. Children with ADHD often excel in environments that value energy, creativity and adaptability. ADHD is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 11.4% of U.S. children aged 3-17 (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention).

Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a learning difference that impacts reading and language processing. While reading may be a challenge, many individuals with dyslexia are highly skilled in problem-solving and innovative thinking. It’s estimated that up to 20% of the population shows some traits of dyslexia (Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity).

Dyspraxia
This motor coordination disorder affects physical tasks such as handwriting, balance or coordination. Often misunderstood, dyspraxia does not affect intelligence and may coincide with unique strengths in creativity and empathy.

Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia impacts the ability to learn and understand numbers and math-related concepts. Children with this diagnosis may thrive in other areas, such as art, music or storytelling, where numerical skills are less critical.

Tourette syndrome (TS)
Tourette Syndrome (TS) involves repetitive movements or vocal tics. While it is less common, affecting about 1 in 162 children in the U.S., individuals with TS often exhibit resilience and adaptability that serve them well in life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Other learning differences and neurological variations
Other differences include nonverbal learning disabilities, auditory processing disorders and more. Each of these presents unique challenges and strengths.

Neurodivergent diagnoses are not deficits but variations. By understanding and embracing your child’s strengths and needs, you can empower them to thrive in a world that benefits from all kinds of thinkers.