What is Neurodiversity?

Neurodiversity challenges the notion that there is one normal way for brains to function. It acknowledges that variations in brain function — whether in thinking, learning or processing — are not deficits, but natural differences that contribute to human diversity.

An estimated 15-20% of the global population is neurodiverse, which includes people with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia and other neurological variations. These conditions are often labeled as disabilities, but this perspective can miss the broader picture. Neurodiversity is not always a limitation and can simply be a different way of engaging with the world.

Many successful neurodiverse individuals have demonstrated the value of different ways of thinking. Entrepreneur Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Group, attributes much of his creativity and resilience to his dyslexia and ADHD. Temple Grandin, a prominent autism advocate and animal scientist, revolutionized the livestock industry by leveraging her unique perspective. These individuals are examples of how neurodiversity can be a strength when nurtured and understood.

Research underscores the benefits of neurodiversity, not only for individuals but for society at large. A report by McKinsey & Co. found that workplace teams with neurodiverse individuals outperform those without by 36%, excelling in areas such as innovation, problem-solving and productivity. Companies like SAP and Microsoft have implemented neurodiversity hiring initiatives, recognizing that diverse cognitive approaches drive creative solutions and competitive advantages.

In education and beyond, a growing body of evidence shows that tailoring environments to neurodiverse needs fosters success. For instance, providing flexible workspaces, sensory-friendly classrooms and tools like noise-canceling headphones can help neurodiverse individuals thrive. When we shift our mindset from the idea of “fixing” neurodiversity to accommodating and valuing it, we unlock potential that might otherwise remain untapped.

Understanding neurodiversity also benefits society as a whole. Neurodiverse thinkers challenge conventional approaches, offering fresh perspectives that lead to breakthroughs. Whether it’s reimagining a complex system, identifying patterns others might overlook, or developing innovations that serve diverse populations, neurodiverse individuals contribute in ways that enrich our communities.

Neurodiversity invites us to expand our definition of normal and embrace the full spectrum of human potential. This is not to diminish the challenges — many neurodiverse individuals face significant hurdles — but about recognizing that different doesn’t mean lesser.