Neurodiversity Dictionary

Understanding neurodiversity starts with the right language. Learning the terms used to describe neurodiverse experiences can help us better understand and advocate for our loved ones. Below is a quick overview of the common terms you may encounter in conversations about neurodiversity.

Neurodiversity
This term refers to the natural variation in how human brains function. It highlights that conditions like autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dyslexia are differences, not deficits. A person with a neurodiverse condition can be referred to as neurodiverse or neurodivergent.

Stimming
Short for self-stimulatory behavior, stimming includes repetitive actions like hand-flapping, rocking or humming. These behaviors help individuals self-regulate emotions or sensory input and are a natural part of many neurodiverse experiences.

Masking
Masking involves suppressing or hiding neurodiverse traits to fit societal norms, such as forcing eye contact or stifling stimming. While masking can help navigate social situations, it often comes at the cost of mental and emotional energy for the individual.

Hyperfocus
A trait often associated with ADHD, hyperfocus is the ability to concentrate intensely on a specific activity or topic. While it can lead to heightened productivity, it might make shifting focus to other tasks challenging.

Hyperfixation
Related to hyperfocus, hyperfixation is a complete obsession with or absorption into a particular interest often seen with autism and ADHD. Those who hyperfixate may tune out the world around them and find it difficult to shift from this interest to focus on other important responsibilities.

Sensory processing
This term describes how someone interprets sensory input like sounds, textures or lights. Neurodivergent individuals may experience sensory sensitivity (overwhelmed by input) or sensory seeking (craving input).

Executive functioning
This refers to skills like planning, organization and impulse control. Challenges with executive functioning are common in ADHD and autism but can be supported with routines and tools.

Special interests
These are intense, focused passions that bring joy and fulfillment. Often seen in individuals with autism, special interests can be a source of learning and creativity.


Familiarity with neurodiverse terms helps us create a world where differences are celebrated. By understanding the language of neurodiversity, we can better connect with others, validate their experiences, and advocate for acceptance and support.