Neurodiversity, Autism & Safety

Neurodiverse individuals, particularly those with autism, face unique safety challenges due to differences in sensory processing, communication and awareness of danger. Research has revealed the heightened risks: a 2008 study by Danish researchers found that individuals with autism have a mortality risk that is twice as high as the general population, while another study conducted by Columbia University found that deaths in individuals with autism were three times as likely as in the general population to be caused by injuries.

Key risks for neurodiverse children

Caregivers, educators and loved ones can create safer environments by recognizing the most common risk factors for neurodiverse children, which include:

• Wandering: Approximately 49% of children with autism attempt to wander away from safe environments, often drawn by sensory interests or seeking escape from overwhelming stimuli (The Journal of Pediatrics). This behavior can lead to dangers like traffic accidents, drowning or getting lost.
• Drowning: Autistic children are 160 times more likely to die from drowning than their neurotypical peers (National Autism Association). Water’s appeal can be a draw, but a lack of awareness about water safety increases the risk.
• Bullying: It is estimated that 60% of children and young adults with autism experience bullying, in part due to their difficulty with social connections, back-and-forth play and communication, peer relationships, and using body language to communicate with others (JAMA Pediatrics).
• Self-Harm: Many autistic individuals engage in self-injurious behaviors such as head-banging, biting or scratching, often as a response to sensory overload, frustration or communication difficulties. Studies indicate that isolation and delayed diagnoses can exacerbate these behaviors. Suicidality is also a risk — research shows that over 35% of children eight years old or younger with autism spectrum disorder have suicidal thoughts (Kennedy Krieger Institute).

How loved ones can help

Safety interventions for neurodiverse individuals require thoughtful planning and proactive measures. For example, installing GPS tracking devices and alarms can help prevent wandering. Using protective barriers like lockable gates around swimming pools can add a critical layer of security, and enrolling children in swim lessons can equip them with water safety skills that can help keep them from harm.

Equally important is staying attuned to and managing sensory triggers that can lead to meltdowns or wandering. Creating sensory-friendly environments — complete with tools such as noise-canceling headphones or weighted blankets — can provide comfort and reduce stress, fostering a sense of safety and well-being.

Building awareness and community support is also important. For example, training first responders and educators on how to effectively interact with neurodiverse individuals can ensure better, more compassionate responses during emergencies or daily interactions. Advocacy efforts such as championing autism-specific safety programs and support groups can make a meaningful difference.

By combining proactive safety measures, supportive interventions and advocacy, caregivers can significantly reduce risks and empower neurodiverse individuals to navigate the world more safely and confidently.