Understanding Types of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders affect all kinds of people. Recognizing different types can help us understand them. Here are the most common eating disorders:

Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia is the most well-known eating disorder (National Institutes of Health). Individuals fear weight gain and have an unrealistic body image. Common signs include:

• Extreme calorie counting
• Overexercising
• Obsession with food, dieting and body image
• Avoidance of eating or being secretive about food
• Dizziness, fatigue and hair thinning 

Anorexia can lead to heart problems, bone loss and even organ failure. 

Bulimia nervosa

Bulimia involves binge eating followed by vomiting, exercise or laxative use (Mayo Clinic). Common signs include:

• Binge eating in a short time
• Frequent bathroom breaks and vomiting
• Sore throat and/or dental issues
• Shame about eating
• Weight changes 

Bulimia can lead to issues with nutrition, digestion and the heart. 

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the U.S. (National Institutes of Health). Individuals will eat large amounts of food often in secret. They may feel a lack of control during these episodes but do not purge. This can lead to feelings of shame and weight gain. Common signs include: 

• Eating large amounts of food in a short time Eating until uncomfortably full or in secret Feelings of guilt, embarrassment or self-disgust after overeating Weight gain or obesity Emotional distress 

BED can lead to type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease.

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

ARFID is a lesser-known eating disorder (Cleveland Clinic). Individuals avoid food due to sensory issues. This may include fear of choking/vomiting or a lack of interest in eating. This leads to poor nutrition. In some cases, it can lead to changes in weight. Common signs include: 

• Avoidance of certain textures, colors or types of food
• Lack of appetite
• Use of supplements or feeding tubes for nutrition
• Difficulty maintaining a healthy weight 

ARFID is most common in children but can continue into adulthood and lead to serious health issues.